Data Analysis Method - 974 Words

Throughout our observation week we were able to collect vast amount of data both from observations and interviews. In order to let our data speak to us and help us to understand how the collaborative work is conducted between ITB and Royal Danish Library we have adopted grounded theory method as a main data analysis practice to work with. This decision involved summarizing cons and pros of using this approach. According to Glaser, Barney G Strauss (1967), using grounded theory involves development of theory rather by logical deduction then from experimental data itself. The publication of The Discovery of Grounded theory finds it relevant in practical applications and enable prediction and explanation of behavior. As our field setting is not often overflown with different actors we have decided to unlock behavioral patterns and get insight also on the profiles of employees. By this approach we have enriched our data, by being able to see connection between artifacts and articulation work, that draws an implication of artifacts in collaborative work. Moreover we have observed that each artifact might have different purpose of use as it is observed by different point of views from different subjects.The fact that we were able to actually observe appropriation in collaborative work, which can be described such as an assimilation of technology by group of people in completely different manner as designer firstly intended to, made us to logically distinguish between differentShow MoreRelatedData Collection Method and Analysis Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to provide the Australia Park Victoria with the appropriate data to solve its current crisis, the most appropriate method of data collection for this research is the qualitative method. According to Gay and Airasian (p 627) qualitative method is the collection of extensive data on various variables over a long time in a natural setting with an aim of acquiring insights not possible using other methods. It involves three different kinds of information collection: direct observation, in depthRead MoreUsing Data Analysis For Mixed Methods2029 Words   |  9 Pagesresearchers in mixed methods designs to conduct an effective data analysis. Data analysis strategy depends on the type of mixed methods design. Creswell (2007) suggested number of essential considerations should be in account when conducting mixed methods data analysis: 1. The analysis strategy should be used in order to answer the research question(s) being asked. The questions are different according to the research design as discussed earlier in this paper. 2. Data analysis approach will relateRead MoreData Analysis Methods And Analysis Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesData Analysis Methods 1. Summarize the methods used in the study to analyze the data or evidence – what reasoning or rationale are they using to link the evidence or data to the conclusions of the study? ï  ¶ Population: large U.S. cities defined as more than 200,000 residents and annual population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. ï  ¶ Red Light Camera Programs: obtained through news reports and calls to city police departments or public works department. ï  ¶ Calendar Years: 2004-2008 representedRead MoreEconomics: The Data Analysis Methods818 Words   |  3 PagesWere the data analysis methods used appropriately for the qualitative tradition or research design (e.g., case study, ethnography, grounded theory, etc.)? Why or why not? This was a mixed- triangulated study using both qualitative (case study observation) and quantitative methodology.. A survey design was used questioning participants on their opinion regarding whether their vocational performance was improved as a result of enhanced financial literacy. As the author pointed out, the designRead MoreAnalysis Of Methods Of Data Replication2086 Words   |  9 Pages Analysis of Techniques of Data Replication in Cloud Environment Funmilola Okelana Harrisburg University Abstract As a Business System Analyst, most of my responsibilities involve working with big data. Data management is key to the success of any company. This includes, data security, data availability and assessment. Many companies need to replicate data that is both in cloud or other infrastructures for various purposes including; uptime and resilience, remote backup and storage, branchesRead MoreMethods of Data Analysis in Qualitative Research1580 Words   |  7 Pages15 Methods of Data Analysis in Qualitative Research Compiled by Donald Ratcliff 1. Typology - a classification system, taken from patterns, themes, or other kinds of groups of data. (Patton pp. 393,398) John Lofland Lyn Lofland Ideally, categories should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive if possible, often they aren t. Basically a list of categories. example: Lofland and Lofland s 1st edition list: acts, activities, meanings, participation, relationships, settings (in the third editionRead MoreStatistical Methods Used for the Analysis of Data2053 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscuss in this paper one of statistical method used for analyzing data using time to conversion as a dependent variable, its called survival analysis, also it has many names such as event duration analysis, transition event analysis, time to event analysis, failure analysis and other, Definition of survival analysis: There are many definitions for survival analysis I will mention some of them that can clarifying the meaning, in general it’s a set of statics methods dealing with time as a variable untilRead MoreData Analysis Of DNA By The Standard Crystallographic Method842 Words   |  4 Pagescrystallographic method, using a colorless plate crystal (0.028 Ãâ€" 0.034 Ãâ€" 0.046 mm3) of 2 for single crystal data analysis. All the data were collected using a Bruker SMART BREEZE diffractometer equipped with a 1K CCD area detector using graphite monochromated Mo KÃŽ ± radiation at 200 K. A hemisphere of data was collected using a narrow-frame method with the scan widths of 0.30 ° in omega and an exposure time of 5 s/frame. The first 50 frames were remeasured at the end of the data collection to monitorRead MoreQualitative Data Analysis Methods: Interview With a Respondent1515 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative data analysis Interview This is an interview between the respondent who is conducting a qualitative research and a 20 year old white individual who is unemployed and hence lives the lifestyle of the lower end in the society. The interviewer generally asks leading questions and notes reactions or responses from the interviewee and also builds on the answers given by the respondent to ask other questions that help him extract more information outside the structured leading questionsRead MoreData Analysis Methods Used in Quantitative Research.4348 Words   |  18 PagesDEFINITION: Quantitative methods are research techniques that are used to gather quantitative data — information dealing with numbers and anything that is measurable e.g. Statistics, tables and graphs, are often used to present the results of these methods. Quantitative research methods were originally developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena. However examples of quantitative methods now well accepted in the social sciences and education. Differences between parametric and

The Coffee Crisis - 1069 Words

| | 2/5/2012 2/5/2012 Tamara Young To begin, The Coffee Crisis is about an acute coffee crisis and how it threatens millions of small coffee farmers around the world and is putting economic growth, as well as social and political stability, at risk in scores of coffee producing countries in Central and South America, Africa and Asia. In 2004, the governments of coffee producing countries were considering how to respond to the dramatic decline in coffee prices caused in part by a large increase in coffee production in Brazil and Vietnam. Coffee was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee prices had hit 40 year lows in 2001 and had remained†¦show more content†¦The crisis in the coffee sector continues. Its impact cannot be understated, since coffee constitutes the livelihood of an estimated 25 million families around the world. In world trade, coffee is the second leading commodity, after petroleum. The worldwide coffee market spans some 71 countries, of which 51 are significant producers and 20 are key consumers. Prices have not kept up with production costs to the extent needed to make participation in the coffee business profitable for most producers, even though the crop year 2003-2004 witnessed a worldwide decrease in production. (Central America - The Coffee Crisis: Effects and Strategies for Moving Forward, 1992) In coffee producing countries, which account for over 26% of world consumption, the situation is more diverse. In some countries, prices of coffee have fallen in local currency and consumption may therefore be stimulated. In Brazil, the largest coffee market among producing countries, the devaluation of the real has maintained prices of green coffee at pre-crisis levels. As a whole, consumption in these markets is not expected to suffer any major negative impact. The root cause of the coffee crisis can be linked to three factors: over production; under consumption; and market oligop oly. In short, these are all problems associated with the economics of coffee farming. Without resolution, they will lead to both social and environmental breakdowns. (Central America - TheShow MoreRelatedThe Coffee Crisis958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Coffee Crisis MBA 6008-Global Economic Environment Capella University Theresa Patterson December 18, 2011 Coffee was the top source of income for 25 million farmers in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Due to the lack of appropriate compensation for their harvest, communities in coffee- producing countries around the world are suffering. Coffee is a chief export for many developing nations and their entire economiesRead MoreThe Coffee Crisis1045 Words   |  5 Pages12/18/2011 U4A1- The Coffee Crisis Dr. John Halstead In â€Å"The Coffee Crisis†, the authors described that in 2004 the governments of coffee producing countries were considering how to respond to rapid decline to coffee prices. Coffee was the main source of income for about twenty-five million small land farmers in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In 2001, coffee prices hit a forty year low; resulting in extreme hardship for many farming communities. The affect of this crisis lead to most farmersRead MoreCoffee Crisis1164 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 4 Assignment 1 â€Å"The Coffee Crisis† By Stephen Quinlan amp; Jose Gomez-Ibanez Case Analysis Michael G. Castro Capella University MBA6008 – Global Economic Environment Professor Hadsell February 13, 2013 Introduction Stephen Quinlan and Jose Gomez-Ibanez describes, in â€Å"The Coffee Crisis†, that in 2004 the governments of coffee producing countries were considering how to respond to rapid decline to coffee prices. In 2001, coffee prices hit a forty-year low, which resultedRead MoreEssay on Coffee Crisis3997 Words   |  16 PagesCoffee Crisis The Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe , and the Economist as well as many other media outlets of record were all in consensus when they declared the onset of coffee crisis in October 2001; farmgate prices had sharply dropped reaching a thirty-year low of $0.39 per pound in This price was below the cost of coffee production at the time, listed at USD 0.60 per pound.(Economist 2001) Price declines are not such an uncommon occurrence, but what is more troubling is that the cash marketRead MoreThe International Coffee Crisis Of India1455 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause of imbalanced trade and payment to the commodity that they grow. Their lives depend a great deal on so-called global commodities such as coffee, cacao, and tea, which can be available to citizens in developed countries at a low price. Therefore the demand of these commodities has increased in the last few decades. According to Ambinakudige (2009), coffee that is one of the most traded commodities in the world is the main me ans of small farmers’ lives in developing countries. He examined how peopleRead MoreCoffee and Crisis Management Team21317 Words   |  86 PagesStarbucks Coffee Company Crisis Case - Part I Dr. Phillip G. Clampitt Cases in Media Management August 1, 2009 Crisis Management Team: PuRr-Luscious Ladies Debra Dobson Diane LeVeque Joyce Jentges Karen Sobiesczyk Proposed Crisis Management Plan 2 Table of Contents - Part I Purpose of Crisis Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Overview of Starbucks. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..........5 Acknowledgement Forms ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............†¦.†¦.......10 Crisis RehearsalRead MoreA Crisis in the World of Coffee Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesCoffee is the second largest export commodity in the world after oil and is exported from 52 countries in the south. The current crisis has evolved through a series of changes in the industry. Since the liberalization of the coffee market, the price volatility has amplified. The world pro duction of coffee has risen dramatically in the past three years mainly due to the production increase in the two world leading countries Brazil and Vietnam. Vietnam has for example increased production by 1400 %Read MoreCoffee Crisis in Kenya Essay2674 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION For many years, Kenya has been famous for its coffee. Described as strong in body and intense in flavor, Kenyan coffee, which belongs to the Arabica variety, is considered one of the worlds most consistent sources of high-grade caffeine. And because of its good cash returns to local farmers, coffee has traditionally occupied a large share of the countrys most productive lands, grown mostly on rich, red volcanic soil in areas with high and well distributed rainfall. However, the storyRead More Fair Trade Coffee Offers a Solution to the Coffee Crisis Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesFair Trade Coffee Offers a Solution to the Coffee Crisis When you buy a cup of coffee in Starbucks every morning to keep you awake through the day, do you ever think of the origins of these coffee beans? How much of those three dollars you pay in Starbucks goes to the Farmers? Personally, I’m not a coffee-drinker. But somehow I realize the big sign in front of Java City in the Reitz Union Food Court, which says â€Å"Certified Fair Trade Coffee.† I’m surprised how few students know what it means. CurrentlyRead MoreCase Study : Starbucks And Starbucks Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesWashington 1971, Starbucks is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. It has 23,768 locations worldwide, including 13,107 in the United States, 2,204 in China, 1,418 in Canada, 1,160 in Japan and 872 in South Korea (â€Å"Starbucks†, n.d., para. 1). Starbucks mission is to enrich the human spirit--one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. In 1987, Schultz acquired Starbucks and changed its strategy to build a str ong company and expand high quality coffee business. II The most important factors

Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. Free Essays

string(122) " DIRECTOR B Argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholders maximisation\." Introduction Luton Brickworks plc is newly formed company which aims to maximise the wealth of its shareholders. The board of directors of the company is currently trying to decide on the most appropriate dividend policy to adopt for the company’s shareholders. However, there is a strong disagreement between three of the directors concerning the benefits of declaring cash dividends. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial report on luton brickworks Plc. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Director A argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors and that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. Director B argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholder maximisation. Director C takes an opposite view and argues that dividend payments should be avoided, as they would lead to a decrease in shareholder wealth. Required: Present the theory of organisational dividend policies and integrate the assignment into your discussion. a) Discuss the arguments for and against the position taken by each of the three directors b) Assuming the board of directors decides to pay a dividend to Shareholders what factors should be taken into account when determining the level of dividend payment. What is Dividend? The term dividend refers to the part of divisible profits among its shareholders. In other words, dividend is that portion of company’s profit which is distributed among its shareholders as a percentage of par values of share at a fixed rate per share according to the decision of its board of directors. The main purpose of any business is to create profits for its owners. When any company earns profit from its business, they can reinvest that money in their business, but some companies pay profits to its share holders. However when a company decides to pay dividend to shareholders, the cash available for business will reduce. Dividend inukare paid on a semi annual basis, net of deduction of tax at the standard personal income tax rate, these are called interim dividends. These interim dividends tend to be smaller than final dividends due to cash flow, taxation financial planning considerations (Sangray, 2010). Types of Dividends: 1)Cash Dividend 2)Stock Dividend 3)Stock Splits Dividend CASH DIVIDEND: Cash dividend plays a dominant role in sharing company’s profit; shareholders are being paid in part of company’s profit. However in US they double the taxation of cash dividend at a maximum rate of 15% and dividends are distributed to shareholders only after company pays income tax. STOCK DIVIDEND: Stock dividend is paid to shareholders only if the companies not having healthy cash position, by combining the profits of both current previous year. Such shares are also called as ‘bonus shares’ instead of paying dividend as cash. There is no great change in equity of shareholders, as stock dividend is paid until actual stock sold in order to avoid paying taxes. In general share holders have more scope to receive additional shares from the company, where it depends on the amount already owned by shareholders. STOCK SPLITS DIVIDEND: Stock split dividend is performed in a company, if there is increase in share price, obviously investors shares become too expensive to buy. Whereas liabilities, assets, equity remains same. InUKstock split is referred as â€Å"scrip issue†, â€Å"bonus issue†, â€Å"capitalization† or â€Å"free issue†. This stock split dividend resembles stock dividend. Source: investopedia.com/terms/s/stocksplit.asp SHAREHOLDERS WEALTH MAXIMIZATION: Shareholders profit maximization consolidates the volume of risk time. The goal of SWM states that the present value of the expected future cash flow of the firm should be maximized to shareholders. ARGUMENTS DIRECTOR A: He argues that cash dividends would be welcome by investors that a high dividend payout ratio as possible would reflect positively on the market value of the shares. This argument deals with RELEVANCE THEORY, where the supporting model for this argument is WALTER’S MODEL James E. Walter (1999): dividends are relevant. The investment policy of a company dividend policy both are inter-related as they cannot be separated by their own. The value of an enterprise will be affected by dividend policy. Formula for Walter’s model: P= D/Ke-g Where P= PRICE OF EQUITY SHARES D= INITIAL DIVIDEND Ke= COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL G= GROWTH RATE EXPECTED ANOTHER MODEL WHICH SUPPORTS THIS ARGUMENT IS GORDON LINTNER MODEL Dividend relevance, as argued by â€Å"Linter and Gordon†, suggested that investors preferred dividends to capital gains due to their certainty w The Gordon model can be used to find the theoretical value of a share by summing the share’s discounted future dividend payments to infinity: P0= Do (1+g)/(y-g) Where: P0 = current ex-dividend market price of the share r=shareholders’ required rate of return g= expected future growth rate of dividends D0 = declared dividend at time t0 Dividend relevance was further supported by the argument that dividends were seen by investors as signals of a company’s future profitability. Arguments in favour of statement: 1)The company should pay dividend to shareholders if they have sufficient liquidity to satisfy their requirements. 2)The dividend acts as a signal to investors about the profits of the company is higher or not. 3)The company’s market value confidence in society increase only if the dividends are paid to investors. 4)If company pays regular cash payments to customers the firm will be recognised in the market to get financial support from other institutions with reasonable interest rates. Arguments against the statement: 1)If the company pays dividend to investors in initial stage, it may lead to failure in important opportunities. 2)The share value of the company decreases if the company pays more dividends to shareholders. This leads to negative impact in the market. 3)According to nature of the business the company may suffer loss, as dividend may adversely affect the company. 4) The regular payout of dividends will also be taxed on regular intervals, as they are corporation profits. If this profits are transferred to reserves,(capital gains) in long run, the total impact of tax would be less than the tax paid on regular dividend payments. DIRECTOR B Argues that whether a cash dividend is paid or not is irrelevant in the context of shareholders maximisation. This argument deals with IRRELEVANCE THEORY, the supporting models for this theory could be MILLER MODIGLIANI MODEL According to â€Å"Miller and Modigliani† (2010 Sudesh Sangray) the dividend payments were irrelevant should only be offered as a residual the value of a firm is unaffected by the distribution of dividends and is determined solely by the earning power and risk of its assets. The dividend policy may have no influence on the market price of the shares. Assumptions of MM model Surveillance of perfect capital markets and investors in it are rational. Securities are infinitely divisible, as there is no transactions cost, investor cannot influence the market price of securities and there are no floatation costs. There are no differences in tax rates which are applicable to capital gains and dividends. The investment policy of a firm does not change. It implies the financial status of the company which gives an opportunity to invest in new projects. As retain earnings will not change the business risk of the firm. Arguments in favour of statement: (MR.B) 1)Investors will not get affected if dividend is paid but investment policy will have impact on shareholders wealth maximization. 2)The investors are less concern about dividend payment as they always want to maximise their wealth. 3)The home made dividend pays to shareholders who expect regular income selling particular shares instead of anticipating dividend. 4)If a company tries to get income from external source, by supplying sufficient funds, then retain earnings come completely irrelevant. Where shareholders wealth can be maximised by getting income from external source. Arguments against the statement: (MR.B) The perfect capital market is unrealistic. Practically, there are taxes, floatation costs and transaction costs. Paying present cash dividend is far better than capital gains, where whose appearance is definite more accepted by the shareholders. If a company paying dividend from external source of income is not a good idea, as it leads to increase in interest rate gearing ratio, which will effect shareholders wealth. DIRECTOR C This argument deals with which is similar to relevance theory, there is no specific model that supports this argument, but Argument for and against that Dividend payment should be avoided since it reduces Shareholders Wealth Arguments in favour of the statement Net income of the share holders decreases, as they pay taxes on dividend received. This result to decrease of wealth. The profitable opportunities for firm reduce, when there is regular payment of dividend to shareholders. So, the firm should try to avoid the dividend payment to its shareholders and try to concentrate on its investment opportunities. Argument against the Statement As mentioned by â€Å"Watson Head† (2004) in the article â€Å"DIVIDEND POLICY† cash dividend plays an important role to provide reliable information to the investors. That financial condition of company is strong. The uncertainty of shareholders income reduces when payment of cash dividend is high. The management tries to reduce conflict ensure their personal benefits are mention, as there is a scope of agency problems because of owner’s interest. There is decrease in interest rates when dividend payment is high which indicates the shareholders wellbeing is doing well by management are not. FACTORS DETERMINE DIVIDEND PAYMENT: The decision of dividend is difficult because of conflicting objectives lack of decision making techniques, maximizing shareholders wealth is not easy in the long run. FACTORS AFFECTING DIVIDEND POLICY: NATURE OF BUSINESS: Mostly dividend policy is adopted by companies which earn unstable profits; where it is different from company earn stable profits. COMPOSITION OF SHAREHOLDING: If the company have cumulative preference shares, they have to be paid the present year dividend in the next year along with next year dividend and if it has equity share they need not be paid even the company has profits. Example: Microsoft etc. RESTRICTIONS BY CONCERNED BODIES: In long-term some financial companies restrict the company on paying dividend to shareholders, they pronounced a clause that no payment to be made till the loan amount is repaid back to financial institutions. INFLATION: During inflation it is not much important to pay dividend. As there is no chance of replacing the equipment as funds are generated from depreciation. FIRM ORIENTED CONSIDERATION: The dividend policy is not determined by ownership interest rates. As firm’s needs are considered as important, this includes the following. Business cycles Risk of losing control on organization Post dividend policies and stockholders relationships. Relative cost of external funds Contractual legal restrictions Availability of external capital LIQUIDITY: As explained in Investopedia Dictionary. â€Å"The degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the asset’s price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of trading activity†. To increase the sales profits earned by company should reinvest in fixed assets working capital. There are some companies which cannot generate sufficient cash even if they get profitable income. OWNERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS: The identification of owner’s interest becomes difficult if it is decentralized on wide spectrum. As every shareholder have their own objectives different opinions. Investor companies are which combines the mix of both growth desired dividends. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS Concluding that, this report explains the financial status of the company and their decision regarding shareholders wealth maximization. 1)Dividend is paid to shareholders dividend policy is taken to distribute dividend to shareholders. 2)There are 3 types of dividends cash, stock, stock splits dividend, which plays a key role in paying dividends. 3)Paying dividend to shareholders is an added advantage, which increase the company’s reputation in the market. 4)There is a possible adverse effect to the company depending on the nature of the business. 5)As investors always look forward to maximise their wealth. 6) It is not a good idea to pay dividend to shareholders now, as investors may think that the company is not having any future projects to enhance their business. 7)Recommending that the company should wait for some time to gain good reputation in market and investors as well to get more profits, which help to increase in market share, and overall profits of the company. 8)Concluding that as Luton Bricks Plc is new to company in market, there will have less scope for earning profits. REFERENCES DR.R.SRINIVASAN. (2009). Important theories of dividend policy – an appraisal. Available: http://www.articlesbase.com/finance-articles/important-theories-of-dividend-policyan-appraisal-1353119.html. Last accessed 2nd Aug 2010. Linter. John. (1956). Distribution of income corporation among. The American Economic. 46 (2), 2-15. American psychological association. Www.dictionary.com. dividend, Collins English dictionary, 10th edition. May 22, 2011. Pike Richard. (1996). Decisions and Strategies. In: Richard Pike and Bill Neale Corporate finance and investment. 2nd Ed.New York: Prentice Hall,. 196-216. Watson, Denzil. And Head Antony(2007). Corporate finance: principles and practices. 4th ed.Harlow: ft/prentice hall. pg.no:286. Sangray, S. (2011) Week-10. Advanced Corporate Finance, Dividend Policy. (Online). Available at www.breo.beds.ac.uk.(accessed on December 10, 2010). Gitman, L., J. (2009) the principles of managerial finance. 12th ed.London: Pearson Prentice Hall. Agrawalsumeets. (2010). Theories-of-Dividend-Policy. Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28162428/Theories-of-Dividend-Policy. Last accessed 27 July 2011. Dictionary. (2007). Dividend. Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dividend.asp. Last accessed 02 august 2011. How to cite Financial report on luton brickworks Plc., Essay examples

Role and Importance of Organizational Training and Development

Question: Discuss about the Role and Importance of Organizational Training and Development. Answer: The development of the knowledge as well as skills is essential and vital towards the health of the entire organization. In todays world, the business is fickle and it is changing everyday as well, therefore it is essential for the companies to properly train and develops the skills of the employees in the different organizations. The quality of the knowledge of the employees as well as the acumen of the business reflects on the business when proper training is provided to the employees. Furthermore, poorly trained employees or the untrained employees can affect the productivity of the business as well as the profits of the business. One of the most exceptional benefits of the training and development is the proper opportunity to provide the different employees with ability to make themselves superior in every prospects of the life. With proper development as well as training, it motivates the employees and they have the idea that they can receive better prospects within the entire organization as well. Proper skills of training and development will help in encouraging the employees in order to make them reach their potential as well as it increases job satisfaction and job satisfaction among the employees as well. A contented and dedicated employee is the one who provides more than 100% of himself/herself to the entire organization. Proper training is essential in the organization irrespective of different techniques such as monitoring or providing different opportunities for on the job or off the job training as well (Rees Smith, 2017). The employees in the organization are in high spirits when the organizations pays proper attention towards them and this will help in making their skills more sharpened and perfect in nature. Proper training and development of the employees in the workplace enables in increasing the productivity of the organization with proper efficiency as well as effectiveness in the way they perform their different works (Garavan et al., 2016). Proper skill levels are necessary in nature as this will help them in carrying out the job functions properly and develop better understanding about the job as well in order to attain different goals in the future. The individuals need to be more competent as well as confident in their approach in the tasks that they have to perform and once again this will help me in increasing the productivity of the organizations as well and it will help in increasing the profit as well. The confidence among the employees help in building trust between the employers and the employees in the organization that is extremely essential in nature and is beneficial as well for the success of the organization. The skilled and the confident employees in the organization are the ones who have proper idea of the works that are being performed by them. This will help in making the business more productive and attractive to their investors and customers. This will help in building proper brand image of the organization and making it lucrative place for the employees to work in such a company. The proper training and development of the employees will provide them proper opportunity to grow as well as meet goals and the aspirations. Proper nurturing as well as valuing the different employees will make the business more efficient in nature and this will make the people look for different job opportunities within the specific organization as well (Gooderham et al., 2015). Proper training and development will help in making the employees work harder and better in order to prove themselves better in the different kinds of tasks that are performed by them. Furthermore, the properly trained and developed employees are the ones who can adopt to different kinds of changes as well as challenges in the business environment. The employees of the organizations will not meet hostility at each and every turn and this will help in making the working environment better for the employees to work in for both the employees as well as the employers (Innocenti, Profili Sammarra, 2013). Proper training and development of the employees in the organization will help in addressing the weaknesses of the employees as there are different kinds of employees at the workplace who are not comfortable in speaking about their difficulties in front of the other individuals in the workplace (Kadiresan et al., 2015). The training session needs to be conducted in the organizations as this will help in strengthening the skills of the employees in making the work more easily and smoothly as well (Jamali et al., 2015). Training and development in the organizations will help in improving the performance of the employees in the organization as the employee of the organization becomes more aware about the different safety practices that has to be undertaken by them for conducting the basic tasks. The training sessions will help in building confidence of the employees in the workplace and this will push him/her to perform better in their jobs as well. Proper and continuous training will help in keeping the employees on the cutting edge of the developments of the entire industry. A structured training and development will help in ensuring that the employees in the organization will have consistent experience as well as the background knowledge as well (Tahir et al., 2014). The training and development program in the organization will have huge advantage on the employees in the organizations as this will help in achieving proper advantage over the other employees in the other organizations. The proper training will help in creating creative as well as supportive workplace that will help the employees in gaining access to the training and the employees will feel appreciated as well. The structured and accurate training and development will help in increasing the productivity as well as it will help in adhering to the quality standards as well (Sung Choi, 2014). The productivity of the companies usually increases when there is implementation of proper courses of training that will help in success of the project as well. Proper training and development of the employees in the organization will help in reducing the turnover of the employees and this will be applicable when proper training and development strategies are implemented by the companies (Joo et al., 2013). The training and development strategies will help in providing the company with additional advantage and the costs of recruitment will be lowered down due to the retention in the staffs of the employees (Elnaga Imran, 2013). The training and developmental strategies will help in enhancing the reputation of the company along with the profile as this will help in developing proper strategy that will help in developing brand of the employer and training will help in attracting the new recruits who wishes and seeks to improve their skills as well as the opportunities that are associated with such skills (El Ouirdi et al., 2015). Training can be of different kinds that will help in developing the skills of the employees in different organizations such as individual study, in-house training as well as on the job training practices. The concept of blended learning is becoming popular in different companies as this has led to the increase in the techniques of training in the last few years as well. The blended learning is effective in nature and this is the kind of training that is the combination of online learning as well as classroom learning (Dhar, 2015). In the on the job training method, it is the training that is provided to the employees who are having concern with everyday tasks. It is the simple as well as the cost effective method of training that will help in making the employees more proficient in nature. In this training method, the employees are provided proper training on the actual work scenario and this will include coaching, job rotation as well as temporary promotions. These are the few on the job training techniques that will help the employers in providing employees motivation and this will help in providing the employees a work environment that will help in making them effective and efficient as well. Furthermore, the off the job training technique are the ones that will be provided to the different employees in the organization away from the actual working condition. It is generally used in the case of the new joinees at work. The off the job training techniques are the seminars, workshops as well as conferences that will help the organizations in making the new employees aware about the different requirements at the workplace. The off the job training technique is costly in nature and this is effective in nature only when more number of employees are to be trained in the organization within short span of time. The off the job training technique is also termed as vestibule training wherein the employees are trained properly in separate area (that includes may be hall, reception areas) that are known as vestibule and in this vestibule training areas, the actual working conditions are duplicate properly and this will help the organization to work effectively in nature when they are given actual working conditions to be faced in the future (Brewster Hegewisch, 2017). Finally, it can be inferred that better trained and developed employees in the organization are the ones who can easily adapt to different kind of situations in the workplace. These are the employees who can easily adapt to the challenges in the entire business environment. The employers in the organization who are trained properly are the ones who are profitable for the entire business and proper training and development is essential as this will help in moving the entire business forward as well. References Brewster, C., Hegewisch, A. (Eds.). (2017).Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, 419-430. El Ouirdi, A., El Ouirdi, M., Segers, J., Henderickx, E. (2015). Employees' use of social media technologies: a methodological and thematic review.Behaviour Information Technology,34(5), 454-464. Elnaga, A., Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), 137-147. Garavan, T., Watson, S., Carbery, R., OBrien, F. (2016). The antecedents of leadership development practices in SMEs: The influence of HRM strategy and practice.International Small Business Journal,34(6), 870-890. Gooderham, P. N., Morley, M. J., Parry, E., Stavrou, E. (2015). National and firm-level drivers of the devolution of HRM decision making to line managers.Journal of International Business Studies,46(6), 715-723. Innocenti, L., Profili, S., Sammarra, A. (2013). Age as moderator in the relationship between HR development practices and employees positive attitudes.Personnel Review,42(6), 724-744. Jamali, D. R., El Dirani, A. M., Harwood, I. A. (2015). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR?HRM co?creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), 125-143. Joo, B. K., McLean, G. N., Yang, B. (2013). Creativity and human resource development: An integrative literature review and a conceptual framework for future research.Human Resource Development Review,12(4), 390-421. Kadiresan, V., Selamat, M. H., Selladurai, S., SPR, C. R., Mohamed, R. K. M. H. (2015). Performance Appraisal and Training and Development of Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention.Asian Social Science,11(24), 162. Rees, G., Smith, P. (Eds.). (2017).Strategic human resource management: An international perspective. Sage. Sheehan, M., Garavan, T. N., Carbery, R. (2014). Innovation and human resource development (HRD).European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), 2-14. (Sheehan, Garavan Carbery, 2014) Sung, S. Y., Choi, J. N. (2014). Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), 393-412. Tahir, N., Yousafzai, I. K., Jan, S., Hashim, M. (2014). The Impact of Training and Development on Employees Performance and Productivity A case study of United Bank Limited Peshawar City, KPK, Pakistan.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(4), 86.

Role and Importance of Organizational Training and Development

Question: Discuss about the Role and Importance of Organizational Training and Development. Answer: The development of the knowledge as well as skills is essential and vital towards the health of the entire organization. In todays world, the business is fickle and it is changing everyday as well, therefore it is essential for the companies to properly train and develops the skills of the employees in the different organizations. The quality of the knowledge of the employees as well as the acumen of the business reflects on the business when proper training is provided to the employees. Furthermore, poorly trained employees or the untrained employees can affect the productivity of the business as well as the profits of the business. One of the most exceptional benefits of the training and development is the proper opportunity to provide the different employees with ability to make themselves superior in every prospects of the life. With proper development as well as training, it motivates the employees and they have the idea that they can receive better prospects within the entire organization as well. Proper skills of training and development will help in encouraging the employees in order to make them reach their potential as well as it increases job satisfaction and job satisfaction among the employees as well. A contented and dedicated employee is the one who provides more than 100% of himself/herself to the entire organization. Proper training is essential in the organization irrespective of different techniques such as monitoring or providing different opportunities for on the job or off the job training as well (Rees Smith, 2017). The employees in the organization are in high spirits when the organizations pays proper attention towards them and this will help in making their skills more sharpened and perfect in nature. Proper training and development of the employees in the workplace enables in increasing the productivity of the organization with proper efficiency as well as effectiveness in the way they perform their different works (Garavan et al., 2016). Proper skill levels are necessary in nature as this will help them in carrying out the job functions properly and develop better understanding about the job as well in order to attain different goals in the future. The individuals need to be more competent as well as confident in their approach in the tasks that they have to perform and once again this will help me in increasing the productivity of the organizations as well and it will help in increasing the profit as well. The confidence among the employees help in building trust between the employers and the employees in the organization that is extremely essential in nature and is beneficial as well for the success of the organization. The skilled and the confident employees in the organization are the ones who have proper idea of the works that are being performed by them. This will help in making the business more productive and attractive to their investors and customers. This will help in building proper brand image of the organization and making it lucrative place for the employees to work in such a company. The proper training and development of the employees will provide them proper opportunity to grow as well as meet goals and the aspirations. Proper nurturing as well as valuing the different employees will make the business more efficient in nature and this will make the people look for different job opportunities within the specific organization as well (Gooderham et al., 2015). Proper training and development will help in making the employees work harder and better in order to prove themselves better in the different kinds of tasks that are performed by them. Furthermore, the properly trained and developed employees are the ones who can adopt to different kinds of changes as well as challenges in the business environment. The employees of the organizations will not meet hostility at each and every turn and this will help in making the working environment better for the employees to work in for both the employees as well as the employers (Innocenti, Profili Sammarra, 2013). Proper training and development of the employees in the organization will help in addressing the weaknesses of the employees as there are different kinds of employees at the workplace who are not comfortable in speaking about their difficulties in front of the other individuals in the workplace (Kadiresan et al., 2015). The training session needs to be conducted in the organizations as this will help in strengthening the skills of the employees in making the work more easily and smoothly as well (Jamali et al., 2015). Training and development in the organizations will help in improving the performance of the employees in the organization as the employee of the organization becomes more aware about the different safety practices that has to be undertaken by them for conducting the basic tasks. The training sessions will help in building confidence of the employees in the workplace and this will push him/her to perform better in their jobs as well. Proper and continuous training will help in keeping the employees on the cutting edge of the developments of the entire industry. A structured training and development will help in ensuring that the employees in the organization will have consistent experience as well as the background knowledge as well (Tahir et al., 2014). The training and development program in the organization will have huge advantage on the employees in the organizations as this will help in achieving proper advantage over the other employees in the other organizations. The proper training will help in creating creative as well as supportive workplace that will help the employees in gaining access to the training and the employees will feel appreciated as well. The structured and accurate training and development will help in increasing the productivity as well as it will help in adhering to the quality standards as well (Sung Choi, 2014). The productivity of the companies usually increases when there is implementation of proper courses of training that will help in success of the project as well. Proper training and development of the employees in the organization will help in reducing the turnover of the employees and this will be applicable when proper training and development strategies are implemented by the companies (Joo et al., 2013). The training and development strategies will help in providing the company with additional advantage and the costs of recruitment will be lowered down due to the retention in the staffs of the employees (Elnaga Imran, 2013). The training and developmental strategies will help in enhancing the reputation of the company along with the profile as this will help in developing proper strategy that will help in developing brand of the employer and training will help in attracting the new recruits who wishes and seeks to improve their skills as well as the opportunities that are associated with such skills (El Ouirdi et al., 2015). Training can be of different kinds that will help in developing the skills of the employees in different organizations such as individual study, in-house training as well as on the job training practices. The concept of blended learning is becoming popular in different companies as this has led to the increase in the techniques of training in the last few years as well. The blended learning is effective in nature and this is the kind of training that is the combination of online learning as well as classroom learning (Dhar, 2015). In the on the job training method, it is the training that is provided to the employees who are having concern with everyday tasks. It is the simple as well as the cost effective method of training that will help in making the employees more proficient in nature. In this training method, the employees are provided proper training on the actual work scenario and this will include coaching, job rotation as well as temporary promotions. These are the few on the job training techniques that will help the employers in providing employees motivation and this will help in providing the employees a work environment that will help in making them effective and efficient as well. Furthermore, the off the job training technique are the ones that will be provided to the different employees in the organization away from the actual working condition. It is generally used in the case of the new joinees at work. The off the job training techniques are the seminars, workshops as well as conferences that will help the organizations in making the new employees aware about the different requirements at the workplace. The off the job training technique is costly in nature and this is effective in nature only when more number of employees are to be trained in the organization within short span of time. The off the job training technique is also termed as vestibule training wherein the employees are trained properly in separate area (that includes may be hall, reception areas) that are known as vestibule and in this vestibule training areas, the actual working conditions are duplicate properly and this will help the organization to work effectively in nature when they are given actual working conditions to be faced in the future (Brewster Hegewisch, 2017). Finally, it can be inferred that better trained and developed employees in the organization are the ones who can easily adapt to different kind of situations in the workplace. These are the employees who can easily adapt to the challenges in the entire business environment. The employers in the organization who are trained properly are the ones who are profitable for the entire business and proper training and development is essential as this will help in moving the entire business forward as well. References Brewster, C., Hegewisch, A. (Eds.). (2017).Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, 419-430. El Ouirdi, A., El Ouirdi, M., Segers, J., Henderickx, E. (2015). Employees' use of social media technologies: a methodological and thematic review.Behaviour Information Technology,34(5), 454-464. Elnaga, A., Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), 137-147. Garavan, T., Watson, S., Carbery, R., OBrien, F. (2016). The antecedents of leadership development practices in SMEs: The influence of HRM strategy and practice.International Small Business Journal,34(6), 870-890. Gooderham, P. N., Morley, M. J., Parry, E., Stavrou, E. (2015). National and firm-level drivers of the devolution of HRM decision making to line managers.Journal of International Business Studies,46(6), 715-723. Innocenti, L., Profili, S., Sammarra, A. (2013). Age as moderator in the relationship between HR development practices and employees positive attitudes.Personnel Review,42(6), 724-744. Jamali, D. R., El Dirani, A. M., Harwood, I. A. (2015). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR?HRM co?creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), 125-143. Joo, B. K., McLean, G. N., Yang, B. (2013). Creativity and human resource development: An integrative literature review and a conceptual framework for future research.Human Resource Development Review,12(4), 390-421. Kadiresan, V., Selamat, M. H., Selladurai, S., SPR, C. R., Mohamed, R. K. M. H. (2015). Performance Appraisal and Training and Development of Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) on Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention.Asian Social Science,11(24), 162. Rees, G., Smith, P. (Eds.). (2017).Strategic human resource management: An international perspective. Sage. Sheehan, M., Garavan, T. N., Carbery, R. (2014). Innovation and human resource development (HRD).European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), 2-14. (Sheehan, Garavan Carbery, 2014) Sung, S. Y., Choi, J. N. (2014). Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), 393-412. Tahir, N., Yousafzai, I. K., Jan, S., Hashim, M. (2014). The Impact of Training and Development on Employees Performance and Productivity A case study of United Bank Limited Peshawar City, KPK, Pakistan.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(4), 86.